Introduction Complex permittivity, denoted as $\varepsilon = \varepsilon’ – j\varepsilon”$, plays a central role in the understanding and simulation of electromagnetic and optical materials. Here, $\varepsilon’$ refers to the dielectric constant that quantifies a material’s ability to store electric energy, while $\varepsilon”$ captures the loss or dissipation of energy within the material. This dual nature […]
Introduction Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a resonant optical phenomenon arising at the interface between a dielectric and a metal, enabling the detection of minute changes in refractive index. Over the past few decades, SPR has become foundational to numerous sensing technologies, particularly in biosensing and chemical detection. The sensitivity and specificity of SPR sensors […]
Introduction Water is arguably the most vital resource on Earth, yet its contamination has escalated into a global concern that continues to challenge scientists, regulators, and industries alike. Emerging contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), microplastics, and a host of chemical pollutants now pervade freshwater systems, oceans, and even drinking water supplies. The […]
Introduction The intersection of microfluidics and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has become a pivotal frontier in the development of real-world, deployable diagnostic tools, especially for point-of-care (POC) applications. SPR, a label-free biosensing technology that detects changes in the refractive index near a sensor surface, when combined with the precision fluid control offered by microfluidics, opens […]
Introduction Graphene-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors represent a profound intersection between nanomaterials and photonic detection platforms. Over the past decade, researchers have continuously refined SPR technologies to achieve unparalleled levels of sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility in detecting biomolecules, pathogens, toxins, and chemical compounds. What sets 2025 apart is the remarkable progress in integrating graphene—specifically […]
Introduction Surface plasmon-based sensing platforms have become indispensable tools in biosensing, pharmaceutical development, and environmental diagnostics. Among these, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), and Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) represent the most widely applied technologies in the field of plasmonics. Each approach has distinct physical principles, detection strategies, and performance parameters […]
Introduction Solid-state batteries (SSBs) represent a major technological shift in energy storage, particularly when compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The fundamental difference lies in the replacement of the liquid electrolyte with a solid-state counterpart, which offers improved energy density, safety, and longevity. As demand grows in sectors like electric vehicles (EVs), consumer electronics, and renewable […]
Introduction The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the field of physics has emerged as one of the most promising and transformative developments in recent scientific history. No longer confined to optimizing experiments or crunching numbers, AI systems are now actively contributing to hypothesis generation, simulation, data interpretation, and even the formulation of physical laws. […]
Introduction Fiber-optic Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors represent a pivotal advancement in optical sensing technologies. These sensors combine the extraordinary sensitivity of SPR with the versatility and portability of fiber-optics, offering a powerful platform for field-deployable bio/chemical detection. Particularly valuable in environmental monitoring, pathogen detection, and real-time diagnostics, fiber-optic SPR sensors have seen a surge […]
Introduction The concept of a “digital twin of the heart” represents a remarkable convergence of computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and cardiovascular medicine. At its core, it is a dynamic, data-driven virtual replica of an individual’s heart, continuously updated in real time with personalized medical data. This technology promises to transform cardiology by offering precise simulations […]
