Artificial intelligence models trained on simulation data are increasingly used as surrogate models for finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, molecular simulation, photonic design, structural mechanics,…
Category: simulation
Machine learning is increasingly being presented as a new computational engine for physics and engineering. Physics informed neural networks, Fourier neural operators, DeepONets, graph based operator models, and related…
Prism-based surface plasmon resonance sensors are widely used for detecting small changes in the refractive index of liquids, gases, biological layers, and functional coatings. Their apparent structural simplicity can be misleading. A conventional Kretschmann sensor may contain only a prism, a thin metallic film, and an analyte, yet its predicted resonance angle, minimum reflectance, linewidth, […]
Photonic crystal sensors exploit deliberately engineered periodic dielectric structures to control the propagation, confinement, and spectral response of light. Their sensing capability arises from the strong dependence of photonic modes on changes in refractive index, absorption, geometry, surface loading, temperature, strain, or other environmental variables. By concentrating electromagnetic energy within carefully selected regions, photonic crystal […]
Scientific research ethics concerns the principles, institutions, and professional practices that determine how knowledge should be produced, validated, communicated, and used without harming people, animals, communities, ecosystems, or the credibility of science itself. The phrase is often treated as a narrow compliance category, associated with institutional review boards, consent forms, animal care protocols, or misconduct […]
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refers to the resonant oscillation of conduction electrons at a metal–dielectric interface excited by incident electromagnetic radiation under specific momentum-matching conditions. Surface plasmon–based sensors exploit this phenomenon to detect minute changes in the refractive index near the sensor surface, enabling highly sensitive, label-free detection. Within the broader category of plasmonic sensing, […]
Introduction Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors stand at the forefront of label-free biosensing technologies, relying on the excitation of surface plasmons—coherent electron oscillations—at metal-dielectric interfaces. The resonance condition, and hence the sensor’s response, is acutely sensitive to changes in the local refractive index, making SPR particularly valuable in the detection of biomolecules, chemicals, and environmental […]
Introduction Zeta potential, often denoted as ζ-potential, is the electrokinetic potential that develops at the slipping plane of a particle in a liquid medium. It quantifies the electrical potential difference between the dispersion medium and the stationary layer of fluid attached to the dispersed particle. In simple terms, it measures the degree of electrostatic repulsion […]
Introduction Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) has emerged as a pivotal label-free optical technique that enables real-time observation of biomolecular interactions and cellular dynamics. Unlike conventional fluorescence-based assays, SPRI relies on monitoring changes in the refractive index at a metal-dielectric interface—typically involving gold films—making it highly sensitive to surface-bound molecular events. This unique capability allows […]
Introduction Solid-state batteries (SSBs) represent a major technological shift in energy storage, particularly when compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The fundamental difference lies in the replacement of the liquid electrolyte with a solid-state counterpart, which offers improved energy density, safety, and longevity. As demand grows in sectors like electric vehicles (EVs), consumer electronics, and renewable […]
