1. Introduction: The Digital Twin of Plasmonic Sensing Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) represents one of the most powerful and sensitive label-free detection techniques in modern photonics. Characterized by the resonant oscillation of free electrons at a metal-dielectric interface, SPR sensors have found widespread applications in biosensing, chemical detection, and environmental monitoring. However, their development traditionally […]
Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) sensors represent a class of advanced optical fiber technologies that are revolutionizing the landscape of precision sensing. Unlike conventional step-index optical fibers, PCFs incorporate a microstructured arrangement of air holes along their length, giving them unique light-guiding properties. These periodic structures allow PCFs to confine and guide light either through modified […]
Introduction Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors stand at the forefront of label-free biosensing technologies, relying on the excitation of surface plasmons—coherent electron oscillations—at metal-dielectric interfaces. The resonance condition, and hence the sensor’s response, is acutely sensitive to changes in the local refractive index, making SPR particularly valuable in the detection of biomolecules, chemicals, and environmental […]
Introduction Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) has emerged as a vital optical sensing technique in the toolbox of modern biological research. Unlike conventional assays that depend on labeling or indirect detection, SPRi provides a label-free, real-time modality to monitor biomolecular interactions across multiple analytes simultaneously. This unique combination of high-throughput screening and non-destructive testing has […]
Introduction Photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based gas cells (PCF Sensor) have emerged as an indispensable component in optical gas sensing, particularly in Raman and absorption-based techniques. These gas cells offer significant improvements over traditional sensing architectures by enhancing light-gas interaction length, enabling miniaturization, and offering higher sensitivity and selectivity. The structure of PCFs, characterized by microscopic […]
Introduction Zeta potential, often denoted as ζ-potential, is the electrokinetic potential that develops at the slipping plane of a particle in a liquid medium. It quantifies the electrical potential difference between the dispersion medium and the stationary layer of fluid attached to the dispersed particle. In simple terms, it measures the degree of electrostatic repulsion […]
Introduction Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have emerged as a critical innovation in the landscape of food safety and quality control. Defined as a label-free, real-time optical biosensing technique, SPR functions by detecting refractive index changes near a sensor surface, typically a gold film, allowing precise identification of biomolecular interactions. Its relevance in food safety […]
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a powerful optical sensing technique used to detect molecular interactions in real-time without the need for labeling. A typical SPR sensor configuration often involves a metal-dielectric interface, where surface plasmons are excited under specific conditions. Glass plays a crucial role in these sensors, particularly as a substrate or a prism […]
Introduction Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber (AR-HCF) represents a pivotal shift in the design and performance of optical fiber technologies, particularly in areas where traditional solid-core fibers reach their limitations. Unlike conventional fibers where light travels through a silica core, AR-HCF guides light predominantly through air, leveraging anti-resonant structures in the cladding to confine light with minimal […]
Introduction Complex permittivity, denoted as $\varepsilon = \varepsilon’ – j\varepsilon”$, plays a central role in the understanding and simulation of electromagnetic and optical materials. Here, $\varepsilon’$ refers to the dielectric constant that quantifies a material’s ability to store electric energy, while $\varepsilon”$ captures the loss or dissipation of energy within the material. This dual nature […]
