Eddy current phenomena have long been understood and exploited in industrial-scale applications such as magnetic braking, induction heating, and non-destructive testing. However, with the miniaturization of devices and the increasing need for precise sensing technologies, eddy currents have emerged as a pivotal mechanism in the design and operation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microsensors. At […]
Joule heating, also known as resistive or ohmic heating, refers to the process by which the passage of electric current through a conductor releases heat due to the electrical resistance of the material. This phenomenon is governed by Joule’s law, which states that the power dissipated as heat is directly proportional to the square of […]
Thermal Drift in On-Chip: Photonic crystal sensors (PCS) have gained significant traction in lab-on-a-chip technologies due to their high sensitivity and compact nature. However, one of the fundamental challenges in their deployment is thermal drift, a phenomenon where temperature fluctuations cause changes in the optical properties of the sensor, leading to measurement inaccuracies. This article […]
Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of nature, integral to both theoretical physics and everyday engineering. From the generation of electricity to the transmission of data through fiber optics and wireless networks, electromagnetic principles are at the core of nearly every modern technological system. This article provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of […]
Photonic crystal sensors have emerged as a promising solution for highly sensitive, miniaturized, and CMOS-compatible on-chip sensing applications. The integration of these sensors with silicon photonics platforms has enabled high-performance label-free detection of biological and chemical analytes. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) plays a crucial role in designing and optimizing photonic crystal structures to ensure their […]
Photonic crystal nanocavities (PCNCs) have revolutionized the field of integrated photonics by enabling ultra-high quality factor ($Q$) resonators for various applications, including optical sensing, nonlinear optics, and quantum information processing. The design and optimization of high-$Q$ photonic crystal nanocavities require advanced computational modeling techniques, among which Finite Element Analysis (FEA) stands out due to its […]
Ring-core fibers (RCFs) are a specialized type of optical fiber designed to support orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, which have gained significant attention in optical communication, quantum information processing, and high-capacity data transmission. Unlike conventional step-index fibers, RCFs possess a refractive index profile with a core that is shaped like a ring rather than a […]
Temperature sensors based on one-dimensional (1D) topological photonic crystals (TPCs) represent an advanced class of optical sensors with high sensitivity and robustness against external perturbations. These sensors leverage the unique properties of topological edge states in photonic bandgap structures, offering advantages in precision, stability, and resilience to defects. Introduction to Topological Photonic CrystalsTopological photonic crystals […]
Photonic crystals (PhCs) are periodic dielectric structures that affect the motion of photons in much the same way that the periodic potential in a semiconductor crystal affects electrons. The ability of photonic crystals to create photonic band gaps (PBGs) has led to numerous applications, including optical filters, waveguides, and more recently, sensors. Among the various […]
In optical fiber physics and waveguide theory, the effective area ($A_{\text{eff}}$) is a crucial parameter that characterizes the spatial confinement of an optical mode. It plays a significant role in determining nonlinear effects, optical damage thresholds, and mode propagation properties. In this article, we will systematically derive the expression for the effective area used in […]
