Introduction Zeta potential, often denoted as ζ-potential, is the electrokinetic potential that develops at the slipping plane of a particle in a liquid medium. It quantifies the electrical potential difference between the dispersion medium and the stationary layer of fluid attached to the dispersed particle. In simple terms, it measures the degree of electrostatic repulsion […]
Introduction Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have emerged as a critical innovation in the landscape of food safety and quality control. Defined as a label-free, real-time optical biosensing technique, SPR functions by detecting refractive index changes near a sensor surface, typically a gold film, allowing precise identification of biomolecular interactions. Its relevance in food safety […]
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a powerful optical sensing technique used to detect molecular interactions in real-time without the need for labeling. A typical SPR sensor configuration often involves a metal-dielectric interface, where surface plasmons are excited under specific conditions. Glass plays a crucial role in these sensors, particularly as a substrate or a prism […]
Introduction Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber (AR-HCF) represents a pivotal shift in the design and performance of optical fiber technologies, particularly in areas where traditional solid-core fibers reach their limitations. Unlike conventional fibers where light travels through a silica core, AR-HCF guides light predominantly through air, leveraging anti-resonant structures in the cladding to confine light with minimal […]
Introduction Complex permittivity, denoted as $\varepsilon = \varepsilon’ – j\varepsilon”$, plays a central role in the understanding and simulation of electromagnetic and optical materials. Here, $\varepsilon’$ refers to the dielectric constant that quantifies a material’s ability to store electric energy, while $\varepsilon”$ captures the loss or dissipation of energy within the material. This dual nature […]
Introduction Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a resonant optical phenomenon arising at the interface between a dielectric and a metal, enabling the detection of minute changes in refractive index. Over the past few decades, SPR has become foundational to numerous sensing technologies, particularly in biosensing and chemical detection. The sensitivity and specificity of SPR sensors […]
Introduction Water is arguably the most vital resource on Earth, yet its contamination has escalated into a global concern that continues to challenge scientists, regulators, and industries alike. Emerging contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), microplastics, and a host of chemical pollutants now pervade freshwater systems, oceans, and even drinking water supplies. The […]
Introduction Solid-state batteries (SSBs) represent a major technological shift in energy storage, particularly when compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The fundamental difference lies in the replacement of the liquid electrolyte with a solid-state counterpart, which offers improved energy density, safety, and longevity. As demand grows in sectors like electric vehicles (EVs), consumer electronics, and renewable […]
Introduction The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the field of physics has emerged as one of the most promising and transformative developments in recent scientific history. No longer confined to optimizing experiments or crunching numbers, AI systems are now actively contributing to hypothesis generation, simulation, data interpretation, and even the formulation of physical laws. […]
Introduction The concept of a “digital twin of the heart” represents a remarkable convergence of computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and cardiovascular medicine. At its core, it is a dynamic, data-driven virtual replica of an individual’s heart, continuously updated in real time with personalized medical data. This technology promises to transform cardiology by offering precise simulations […]
