Introduction Writing a master’s thesis represents one of the most intellectually demanding yet personally rewarding phases in a student’s academic life. It stands as both a test of mastery in a chosen field and a bridge between student inquiry and professional research. A thesis is not simply an extended essay—it is a structured, original investigation […]
Introduction Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber (AR-HCF) represents a pivotal shift in the design and performance of optical fiber technologies, particularly in areas where traditional solid-core fibers reach their limitations. Unlike conventional fibers where light travels through a silica core, AR-HCF guides light predominantly through air, leveraging anti-resonant structures in the cladding to confine light with minimal […]
Introduction Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) represent a transformative category within fiber optics, characterized by a periodic microstructure running along their length. Unlike conventional optical fibers that guide light through a core with a higher refractive index than the cladding, PCFs manipulate light using the geometry of microscopic air holes embedded in the fiber structure. This […]
Introduction In an increasingly data-intensive academic landscape, numerical simulation has become not only a methodological tool but also a core pillar of scientific discovery. Especially in the context of Q1 journals—those in the top quartile of their field by impact factor—simulation-driven research has seen exponential growth. High-impact journals now prioritize submissions with robust, validated, and […]
Introduction Complex permittivity, denoted as $\varepsilon = \varepsilon’ – j\varepsilon”$, plays a central role in the understanding and simulation of electromagnetic and optical materials. Here, $\varepsilon’$ refers to the dielectric constant that quantifies a material’s ability to store electric energy, while $\varepsilon”$ captures the loss or dissipation of energy within the material. This dual nature […]
Introduction Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a resonant optical phenomenon arising at the interface between a dielectric and a metal, enabling the detection of minute changes in refractive index. Over the past few decades, SPR has become foundational to numerous sensing technologies, particularly in biosensing and chemical detection. The sensitivity and specificity of SPR sensors […]
Introduction Water is arguably the most vital resource on Earth, yet its contamination has escalated into a global concern that continues to challenge scientists, regulators, and industries alike. Emerging contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), microplastics, and a host of chemical pollutants now pervade freshwater systems, oceans, and even drinking water supplies. The […]
Introduction The intersection of microfluidics and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has become a pivotal frontier in the development of real-world, deployable diagnostic tools, especially for point-of-care (POC) applications. SPR, a label-free biosensing technology that detects changes in the refractive index near a sensor surface, when combined with the precision fluid control offered by microfluidics, opens […]
Introduction Graphene-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors represent a profound intersection between nanomaterials and photonic detection platforms. Over the past decade, researchers have continuously refined SPR technologies to achieve unparalleled levels of sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility in detecting biomolecules, pathogens, toxins, and chemical compounds. What sets 2025 apart is the remarkable progress in integrating graphene—specifically […]
Introduction Surface plasmon-based sensing platforms have become indispensable tools in biosensing, pharmaceutical development, and environmental diagnostics. Among these, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), and Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) represent the most widely applied technologies in the field of plasmonics. Each approach has distinct physical principles, detection strategies, and performance parameters […]
