Temperature sensors based on one-dimensional (1D) topological photonic crystals (TPCs) represent an advanced class of optical sensors with high sensitivity and robustness against external perturbations. These sensors leverage the unique properties of topological edge states in photonic bandgap structures, offering advantages in precision, stability, and resilience to defects. Introduction to Topological Photonic CrystalsTopological photonic crystals […]
Photonic crystals (PhCs) are periodic dielectric structures that affect the motion of photons in much the same way that the periodic potential in a semiconductor crystal affects electrons. The ability of photonic crystals to create photonic band gaps (PBGs) has led to numerous applications, including optical filters, waveguides, and more recently, sensors. Among the various […]
In optical fiber physics and waveguide theory, the effective area ($A_{\text{eff}}$) is a crucial parameter that characterizes the spatial confinement of an optical mode. It plays a significant role in determining nonlinear effects, optical damage thresholds, and mode propagation properties. In this article, we will systematically derive the expression for the effective area used in […]
The concept of large effective area in photonics plays a crucial role in various applications, particularly in optical fiber communications, high-power laser systems, nonlinear optics, and supercontinuum generation. The effective area ($A_{\text{eff}}$) of an optical waveguide defines the spatial confinement of the optical mode and is a key parameter influencing nonlinearity, optical damage threshold, and […]
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanostructures that exhibit unique electronic and optical properties due to quantum confinement. Researchers rely on advanced simulation tools and specialized devices to model their behavior accurately. This article explores the top tools and devices used in quantum dot simulations, ranging from computational software to experimental hardware. 1. Computational Tools for […]
Laser ablation is a process in which a high-intensity laser beam removes material from a solid surface through various thermophysical mechanisms, including melting, vaporization, and plasma formation. Understanding and modeling laser ablation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) requires solving complex heat transfer and phase transition equations to capture the dynamic response of the material under […]
Maxwell’s equations form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, providing a rigorous mathematical framework for understanding the interaction of electric and magnetic fields. These equations, formulated by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century, unified the concepts of electricity and magnetism into a single theory, leading to groundbreaking discoveries, including the prediction of electromagnetic waves. The […]
The AI world is buzzing with excitement, and rightfully so. From OpenAI’s ChatGPT to Google’s Gemini, artificial intelligence has made huge strides. But what if I told you that building a ChatGPT competitor isn’t as impossible as it seems? In fact, I built one in just 30 minutes—and I’m going to reveal exactly how I […]
Understanding Reasoning Models in LLMs : Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have advanced significantly in their ability to perform reasoning tasks. Reasoning in LLMs refers to their capacity to infer, deduce, and apply logic to solve problems beyond mere pattern recognition. This article explores the mechanisms that enable reasoning in LLMs, their mathematical foundations, […]
In the rapidly evolving world of artificial intelligence (AI), DeepSeek AI has emerged as a groundbreaking player, redefining what’s possible with large language models (LLMs). Developed by DeepSeek, a Chinese AI research firm founded in 2023, this suite of open-source models has captured the attention of developers, researchers, and tech enthusiasts worldwide. What sets DeepSeek […]
